次の英文を読んで、下記の設問に答えなさい。

Nothing looks friendlier than that big yellow school bus, but it's not as cuddly as it appears. The more than twenty-four million children who ride the bus every day(an average of ninety minutes in transit) are (ア)routinely exposed to harmful diesel exhaust emissions, a witches' brew that includes carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, formaldehyde, and tiny soot particles.

The Environmental Protection Agency classifies diesel emissions as a “likely carcinogen” Diesel emissions are estimated to be responsible for 70 percent of the cancer risk arising from air pollution, according to the California Air Resources Board. Dangers from diesel exhaust can range from respiratory illnesses including asthma and bronchitis to lung cancer and heart disease.

Children are more (イ)vulnerable to the effects of diesel exhaust than adults because they breathe more quickly and take more air into their developing lungs. Approximately 390,000 diesel school buses are on U.S. roads today, and a third were made before 1990 when stricter emissions guidelines were first (ウ)enforced. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council, (カ)a child riding inside a school bus maybe exposed to as much as four times the amount of toxic diesel fumes as someone riding in a car directly ahead of it.

Diesel particulate filters, which cost around $\$$700 each, can cut tailpipe emissions by a whopping 85 percent. And “closed crankcase filtration systems,”which are installed under the hood and filter the discharges that come directly from the engine's crankcase volt, can cut engine soot by nearly 90 percent at a cost of around $\$$7,500 each. Buses can be *retrofitted with one or both filters.

Nationwide, school bus emission-reduction programs are (エ)underway with the help of the EPA's Clean School Bus USA program. In addition to retrofit projects, the program seeks to replace older buses with new, less-polluting buses and encourage unnecessary school bus idling. Concerned parents can help reduce their children's exposure to diesel emissions from school buses by (オ)advocating at town and board of education meetings for the use of new or retrofitted school buses. Also, (キ)bus windows should remain open when weather allows, and children are safer sitting nearer the front of the bus as exhaust tends to accumulate in the back.

(注)*retrofit: to add new parts to something for improvement or safety reasons

• 1.下線部(ア)～(オ)に最も近い意味の語句を各語群から一つ選びなさい。
  • (ア) routinely
    • (1) hugely
    • (2) mechanically
    • (3) regularly
    • (4) surprisingly
  • (イ) vulnerable
    • (1) accessible
    • (2) at risk
    • (3) engaging in
    • (4) inevitable
  • (ウ) enforced
    • (1) emphasized
    • (2) empowered
    • (3) put into effect
    • (4) welcomed
  • (エ) underway
    • (1) dealing
    • (2) in progress
    • (3) needed
    • (4) suspended
  • (オ) advocating
    • (1) arguing for
    • (2) demonstrating
    • (3) opposing
    • (4) showing off
• 2.下線部(カ)を日本語に訳しなさい。
• 3.下線部(キ)を日本語に訳しなさい。