次の英文を読み、1～9の問題に最も適した答えを選べ。

In an age of globalization, emotions have become indispensable to grasp the complexity of the world we live in. Magnified by media, they both reflect and react to globalization and in turn influence ^*geopolitics. Globalization may have made the world "flat," to cite journalist Thomas Friedman's famous metaphor, but it has also made the world more passionate than ever.

In his book The Lexus and the Olive Tree, Friedman defines globalization as the international system that replaced that of the Cold War. Unlike the Cold War system, globalization is not ^*static but a dynamic ongoing process, involving the integration of markets, nation-states, and technologies to a degree never before witnessed, in a way that is enabling individuals, corporations, and countries to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper than ever before. This same process is also producing a powerful ^*backlash from those brutalized or left behind by the new system.

For many people, especially critics, globalization is (   6   ) with Americanization. The spread of American influence - political, economic, and cultural - dates back at least to the Second World War, but it gained new strength after the end of the Soviet empire in 1991, which left the United States as the world's only superpower. Thus the growing ^*unification of the world's economies and cultures means in effect a unification on American terms. As a result, today's antiglobalization protest movements, which are now mounting with the deepening of the current financial and economic crisis, combine anti- American sentiments with anticapitalist critiques in their struggle for equality, fair trade, and ^*sustainable development.

But when we look closer, we see that the equation of globalization with Americanization is too simplistic. The reality is that while the cultural influence of the United States throughout the world is all-pervasive and unprecedented, economically the West is being overtaken by Asia. The current phase of globalization reflects the coming-of-age of the Asian continent, resulting in the relay of economic power from an American-dominated West to China and India.

Globalization can thus be seen as the combination of two very different (7)phenomena, which may be seen as either contradictory or complimentary. On the one hand, we witness the impact of the cultural Americanization of the world. The French economist Daniel Cohen believes that the gradual reduction of birthrates in the Southern Hemisphere is the direct result of the popularity of American television series, families with two children having become a universal ideal. On the other hand, the economic rise of Asia is bringing about the end of the (   8   ) of the Western model. Western predominance in the world, which began with the establishment of the ^*Raj in India in the mid-eighteenth century and the decline of China in the early nineteenth and ^*culminated in the early part of the twentieth century, seems to be coming to an end. This comes as no surprise to historians of empire, who have long known that the rise and fallot empires follow a cyclical pattern.

This leads to a situation of ^*asymmetric ^*multipolarity: The key actors on the world stage not only are unequal in terms of power and influence but also differ dramatically in their views of the world. While America and Europe still approach world affairs in a ^*nonnative manner on the basis of a belief in universal values, China and India and now also post-Communist Russia appear far less interested in what the world should become than in their own positions of power within it.

In the immediate aftermath of the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the West enjoyed a sense of supremacy because of its democratic values that more than compensated for the fact that countries like the newly united Germany were not doing well economically. But today the democratic essence of the West is no longer seen as compensating for its lack of economic performance. Maybe emotions have returned to the forefront of the international scene in part because the West can no longer rely on either its values or its fading economic supremacy and therefore reacts to global changes with a certain bitterness and a desire to protect its precious open world against hostile forces.

But the primary reason that today's globalizing world is the ideal fertile ground for the blossoming or even the explosion of emotions is that globalization causes insecurity and raises the question of identity. In the Cold War period there was never any reason to ask, "Who are we?" The answer was plainly visible on every map that ^*depicted the two ^*adversarial systems dividing the globe between them. But in an ever-changing world without borders, the question is intensely relevant. Identity is strongly linked with confidence, and in turn confidence, or the lack ^*thereof, is expressed in emotions - in particular, those of fear, hope, and humiliation.

【Source: Dominique Moisi, The Geopolitics of Emotion, Anchor Books, A Division of Random House, Inc. 2010. pp. 9-12】

Glossary:
• geopolitics: 地政学
• static: 停滞した、不活発な
• backlash: 反発、反感
• unification: 統一
• sustainable: 持続可能な
• Raj: 英国によるインド支配
• culminate: 絶頂に達する
• asymmetric: 非対称的な
• multipolarity: 多極化
• normative: 規範的な
• depict: 描く
• adversarial: 敵対的な
• thereof: それに関する、それの

1～5の問題については、本文の論旨に最も適したものを選べ。

• 1. As a result of globalization, the world has become            .
  • A. more similar
  • B. more peaceful
  • C. more independent
  • D. more interconnected
• 2. Some people oppose globalization because they don't like            .
  • A. global democratization
  • B. too much American influence
  • C. too much competition
  • D. unequal and unfair trade
• 3. The global impact of the U. S.            .
  • A. is limited to cultural areas in reality
  • B. is increased by the media
  • C. can not be seen in parts of Asia
  • D. hasted to political conflicts among Asian countries
• 4. China, India and Russia            .
  • A. are trying to compete with the U. S. militarily
  • B. have been trying to promote anti-Americanism in the world
  • C. are not interested in promoting universal values in the world
  • D. are trying to gain as many natural resources as they can in the world market
• 5. One of the reasons emotions have come to play more important roles in the post-Cold War world is that            .
  • A. the advantage of the Western values is fading
  • B. the world is getting enthusiastic due to the newly risen countries
  • C. people feel more secure but are losing confidence
  • D. many people have an identity crisis and are unable to communicate well with each other
• 6. 空所(  6   )に入る最も適切な語を選べ。
  • A. identical
  • B. indifferent
  • C. favored
  • D. denied
• 7. A～Dの単語の最も強いアクセントのある母音が、下線語(7)phenomenaの最も強いアクセントのある母音と同じものを選べ。
  • A. empire
  • B. dominate
  • C. simplistic
  • D. backlash
• 8. 空所(   8   )に入る最も適切な語を選べ。
  • A. modernization
  • B. industrialization
  • C. availability
  • D. monopoly
• 9. 本文の表題として最も適切なものを選べ。
  • A. How globalization hasted to Americanization in the post-Cold War world
  • B. How emotions have come into play in the globalized world
  • C. How the concept of identity has improved in the post-Cold War era
  • D. How the economic prosperity of the West came to an end after the Second World War