自治医科大学英語2013年第3問
In British Columbia there is general (18)agreement that the term 'First Nation' refers to a group of people who can (18)trace their ancestry to the (18)populations that (18)occupied the land prior to the arrival of Europeans and Americans in the late eighteenth century. The term 'First Nations' customarily describes groups formerly known as bands (the *Squamish Band, for example, becoming the Squamish Nation). In some situations the community itself may be referred to as a First Nation.
(19)Advocates of the word 'First Nation' mention several benefits. First, it reduces the *derogatory and primitive *connotations often associated with such terms as natives, aboriginals, and *indigenous. Second, it corrects the *misnomer of 'Indians,' which resulted from the mistaken belief that Christopher Columbus had reached India. Third, it emphasizes that the ancestors of today's First Nations were in the region prior to the arrival of Europeans. The term 'nation' *accentuates the multitude of distinct groups.
Although there is an increasing tendency to use 'First Nation,' it has not totally displaced the other terms. 'Aboriginal,' 'Indian,' and 'band' have specific legal meaning - as described in the Canadian Constitution and the *Indian Act - and are still widely used by the provincial and federal governments. Some people with ancestral ties to (20)prehistoric populations in the area see 'First Nation', as another (21)label applied by Euro-Canadian society and reject it, instead describing their groups with names from their own languages or using such terms as 'people,' 'council,' or 'community.'
There are two broad categories of First Nations people in British Columbia: (22)registered(or status) Indians, and (non-status) Indians. The terms 'registered' and 'status' are used interchangeably to distinguish a person whose name appears on a register maintained by the federal government. The *criteria for being recognized as a registered Indian have been changed several times by the federal government, with (23)eligibility including such things as ancestry, marriage, education, and occupation.
While most registered Indians have ancestral ties with prehistoric populations, biological relationships have not been necessary to achieve 'status.' It has been possible, for example, for a non-Indian man to achieve status by marrying a registered Indian woman. Conversely, a person with clear biological ties to prehistoric populations may not necessarily be 'registered.' Historically, status was lost if a registered Indian woman married a non-Indian man. Status could also be lost if a registered Indian obtained a university education, joined the armed forces, or became a (24)Canadian citizen.
【Source: Robert J. Muckle, The First Nations of British Columbia, UBC Press, 1998. pp. 2-3】- Glossary:
- Squamish: スコーミッシュ（カナダ西部の先住民の集団名）
- derogatory: 軽蔑的な
- connotation: 含意
- indigenous: 土着の
- misnomer: 誤称、誤った名称
- accentuate: 強調する
- Indian Act: インディアン法
- criteria: 基準
- 18. (18)agreement、trace、populations、occupiedの本文中の意味を最も適切に説明しているものを選べ。
- A.
- agreement: mutual understanding
- trace: a track or footprint left by a person or animal
- populations: the total number of people
- occupied: held a position
- B.
- agreement: the holding of the same opinion
- trace: observe signs of something by investigation
- populations: the origins of people
- occupied: took military possession of a place
- C.
- agreement: the holding of the same opinion
- trace: follow to its origins
- populations: inhabitants of a place
- occupied: lived in
- D.
- agreement: mutual understanding
- trace: a change in the brain caused by the learning process
- populations: to be known by everybody
- occupied: took a military action
- A.
- 19. (19)の段落で最も言いたいことと考えられる内容の文を選べ。
- A. The words, such as natives, aboriginals, and indigenous, are discriminatory but their uses are not discouraged.
- B. The word 'First Nation' symbolizes the misjudgment made by Columbus.
- C. The word 'First Nation' makes people realize that these people were in the region before Europeans' arrival.
- D. The term 'nation' emphasizes the superiority of particular groups.
- 20. (20)prehistoricの本文上の意味を最もよく説明しているものを選べ。
- A. related to a fictional time in history
- B. veryold or unclear
- C. before Europeans came
- D. regarded as being old-fashioned
- 21. (21)labelの本文中の意味に最も近い説明のものを選べ。
- A. a piece of paper, cloth, or similar material that is attached to something to identify or describe it
- B. a word or phrase that describes or identifies something or someone
- C. a company that produces musical recordings
- D. a name shown on clothes that indicates the store, company, or person who sold, produced, or designed the clothes
- 22. (22)registeredの本文中の意味に最も近いものを選べ。
- A. to be recorded in a historical document
- B. to make one's opinion known officially or publicly
- C. to be officially or legally admitted or recognized by a government
- D. to be legally submitted
- 23. (23)eligibilityの本文中の意味に最も近いものを選べ。
- A. unfit or improper to be chosen
- B. meeting the stated requirements
- C. qualified to be appointed to office
- D. suitable and desirable for marriage
- 24. (24)Canadian citizenとは、誰を指すのか最も適切なものを一つ選べ。
- A. a person who receives a university education in Canada
- B. a person who conducts business in Canada
- C. a person who is employed by the Canadian government
- D. a person who legally belongs to and has the rights and protection of Canada
- 25. 本文の内容と一致しているものを一つ選べ。
- A. The term 'Aboriginals' is originally used by native Canadians to describe themselves.
- B. The terms 'Indian' and 'Aboriginal' are basically discriminatory and not used officially in Canada.
- C. Many native people reject the use of the term 'Native Canadians' because it is another label invented by white people.
- D. Some Canadian Indians lose their registered status voluntarily in Canada.