次の英文を読み、1~8の問題に最も適した答えを選べ。

Even if they grow up in the same neighborhood, on the same block, or in the same house, girls and boys grow up in different worlds of words. Others talk to them differently and expect and accept different ways of talking from them. Most important, children learn how to talk, how to have conversations, not only from their parents but from their peers. After all, if their parents have a foreign or regional accent, children do not (1)emulate it; they learn to speak with the pronunciation of the region where they grow up. Anthropologists Daniel Maltz and Ruth Borker summarize research showing that boys and girls have very different ways of talking to their friends. Although they often play together, boys and girls spend most of their time playing in same-sex groups. Although the activities they play at are similar, their favorite games are different and their ways of using language in their games are separated by a world of difference.

Boys tend to play outside, in large groups that are hierarchically structured. Their groups have a leader who tells others what to do and how to do it, and resists doing what other boys propose. It is by giving orders and making them stick that high status is (2)negotiated. Another way boys achieve status is to take center stage by telling stories and jokes, and by sidetracking or challenging the stories and jokes of others. Boys' games have winners and losers and elaborate systems of rules that are frequently the subjects of arguments. Finally, boys are frequently heard to boast of their skill and argue about who is best at what.

Girls, however, play in small groups or in pairs; the center of a girl's life is a best friend. Within the group, (3)intimacy is key: Differentiation is measured by relative closeness. In their most frequent games, such as jump rope and *hopscotch, everyone gets a turn. Many of their activities (such as playing house) do not have winners or losers. Though some girls are certainly more skilled than others, girls are expected not to boast about it, or show that they think they are better than the others. Girls don't give orders; they express their preferences as suggestions, and suggestions are likely to be accepted. Whereas boys say“Give me that!” and“Get out of here!” girls say, “Let's do this, ”and “How about doing that?” Anything else is put down as“bossy” They don't grab center stage - they don't want it-so they don't challenge each other directly. And much of that time they simply sit together and talk. Girls are not accustomed to (4)jockeying for status in an obvious way; they are more concerned that they be liked.

【Adapted from“You Just Don't Understand”by Deborah Tannen, Ba11antine Books, New York, 1990. pp43-44】
Glossary:
hopscotch 石けり遊び
1~4の問題については、本文の文脈上、下線語(1)~(4)の意味内容に最も近いものを選べ。

• 1. What is the meaning of the word (1) emulate?
  • A. to imitate or copy
  • B. to notice
  • C. to accept
  • D. to enjoy
• 2. What is the meaning of the word (2) negotiated?
  • A. decided
  • B. respected
  • C. blocked
  • D. lost
• 3. What is the meaning of the word (3) intimacy?
  • A. status or position
  • B. an equal relationship
  • C. the small number of group members
  • D. a close personal relationship
• 4. What is the meaning of the word (4) jockeying?
  • A. to move or work in order to gain an advantage
  • B. to discuss openly and honestly
  • C. making jokes to lower someone's status
  • D. drawing attention to oneself

5~8の問題については、本文の論旨に最も適した答えを選べ。

• 5. Why is it important for boys to “take center stage”?
  • A. Because it places them safely between two groups.
  • B. Because it shows that they have a sense of humor.
  • C. Because it gives them attention to demonstrate their skills.
  • D. Because they must prove they can perform under pressure
• 6. Why do boys' games have winners or losers?
  • A. To determine their rank or status
  • B. To push out the weak
  • C. To make them look good in front of girls
  • D. To show passion and determination
• 7. Why don't girls play activities that have winners or losers?
  • A. Because they want to be liked.
  • B. Because they do not want attention.
  • C. Because they are physically weaker than boys.
  • D. Because the games they play focus on the group.
• 8. Which statement best represents the main idea of the reading passage?
  • A. It is more difficult for boys to prove their status than girls.
  • B. The individual practice of boys is stronger than the group practice of girls
  • C. Boys and girls act differently in their gender groups.
  • D. The girls' way of talking is superior because it is more peaceful.