次の英文を読み、9~17の問題に最も適した答えを選べ。

Some family members of those who had died in the World Trade Center or the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, wrote to then President Bush, urging that he not match violence with violence, that he not proceed to bomb the people of Afghanistan. Amber Amundsen, whose husband, an army pilot, was killed in the attack on the Pentagon, said:

"I have heard angry rhetoric by some Americans, including many of our nation's leaders, who advise a heavy dose of revenge and punishment. To those leaders, I would like to make clear that my family and I take no comfort in your words of rage. If you choose to respond to this incomprehensible brutality by perpetuating violence against other innocent human beings, you may not do so in the name of justice for my husband.”

Some of the families of victims traveled to Afghanistan in January 2002, to meet with Afghan families who had lost loved ones in the American bombing. They met with Abdul and Shakila Amin, whose five-year-old daughter, Nazila, was killed by an American bomb. One of the Americans was Rita Laser, whose brother had been cited as a hero by President Bush (he had stayed with a *paraplegic friend on a top floor of the collapsing building rather than escaping himself)and who said she would devote the rest of her life to the cause of peace.

Critics of the bombing campaign argued that terrorism was rooted in deep (14)grievances against the United States, and that to stop terrorism, these must be addressed. The grievances were not hard to ( 15 ): the stationing of U. S. troops in Saudi Arabia, site of the most holy of Moslem shrines; the ten years of sanctions against Iraq which, according to the United Nations, had resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of children; the continued U. S. support of Israel's occupation of Palestinian land, including billions in military aid.

However, these issues could not be addressed without fundamental changes in American foreign policy. Such changes could not be accepted by the military-industrial complex that dominated both major parties, because they would require withdrawing military forces from around the world, giving up political and economic domination of other countries - in short, relinquishing the cherished role of the United States as a superpower.

Such fundamental changes would require a radical change in priorities, from spending $300 to $400 billion a year for the military, to using this wealth to improve the living conditions of Americans and people in other parts of the world. For instance, it was estimated by the World Health Organization that a small portion of the American military budget, if given to the treatment of *tuberculosis in the world, could save millions of lives.

The United States, by such a drastic change in its policies, would no longer be a military superpower, but it could be a humanitarian superpower, using its wealth to help people in need.

Three years before the terrible events of September 11, 2001, a former lieutenant colonel in the U. S. Air Force, Robert Bowman, who had flown 101 combat missions in Vietnam, and then had become a Catholic、 bishop, commented on the terrorist bombings of the U. S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. In an article in the Nat1o, fat Catholic Reporter he wrote about the roots of terrorism:“We are not hated because we practice democracy, value freedom, or uphold human rights. We are hated because our government denies these things to people in Third World countries whose resources are desired by our multinational corporations. That hatred we have sown has come back to haunt us in the form of terrorism.... Instead of sending our sons and daughters around the world to kill Arabs so we can have the oil under their sand, we should send them to rebuild their infrastructure, supply clean water, and feed starving children.... In short, we should do good instead of evil. Who would try to stop us? Who would hate us? Who would want to bomb us? That is the truth the American people need to hear.”

Voices like that were mostly shut out of the major American media after the September 11 attacks. But it was a prophetic voice, and there was at least a possibility that its powerful ( 16 ) message might spread among the American people, once the futility of meeting violence with violence became clear. Certainly, if historical experience had any meaning, the future of peace and justice in America could not depend on the good will of government, but on the people and their growing consciousness of what was the decent way to relate to their fellow human beings all over the world.

【Adapted from Howard Zinn, “A PEOPLE'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED fATES, ”HarperCo11insPubIishers Inc. ,2003. pp681-682】
Glossary:

• paraplegic 対（つい）［両側］麻痺の
• tuberculosis 結核

9~13の問題については、本文の論旨に最も適したものを選べ。

• 9. Amber Amundsen             .
  • A. is opposed to militarily responding to the attack on September 1 1th, 2001
  • B. is angry at some comments people made on the brutality of the attack on September 11th
  • C. says not so much of military response is necessary for revenge on the September 11th attack
  • D. says justice will not be served unless some appropriate measure is taken against those involved in the September 11th attack
• 10. Rita Laser is going to             .
  • A. investigate the cause of terrorism with Afghan people
  • B. make an effort to inquire the cause of military conflict and peace
  • C. give herself to create a better and more harmonious world
  • D. become a bridge of peace between the U. S. and Afghanistan
• 11. Some people argue that the cause of terrorism is due to             .
  • A. American values such as freedom and democracy
  • B. American policy in the middle east
  • C. military minded attitude of American people
  • D. arrogance of the U. S. government
• 12. To stop terrorism, the U. S. needs to             .
  • A. change its attitude toward Muslims
  • B. change its foreign policy in Iraq and Afghanistan
  • C. give up its military superpower status in the world
  • D. use military forces to attack terrorists
• 13. Robert Bowman says hatred toward America             .
  • A. is created by the U. S. itself
  • B. cannot be removed by the U. S. alone
  • C. is created by lack of the U. S. financial assistance to Third World
  • D. is a result of the U. S. military aid to Israel
• 14. 本文中にあるA~Dの単語の最も強いアクセントのある母音が、下線語(14)grievancesの最も強いアクセントのある母音と同じものを選べ。
  • A. experience
  • B. humanitarian
  • C. victim
  • D. media
• 15. 空所( 15 )に入る最も適切な語を選べ。
  • A. remove
  • B. cope
  • C. identify
  • D. engage
• 16. 空所( 16 )に入る最も適切な語を選べ。
  • A. military
  • B. moral
  • C. religious
  • D. historic
• 17. 本文の表題として最も適切なものを選べ。
  • A. Truth on the war on terrorism
  • B. People's voices against meeting violence with spiritual force
  • C. How to deal with terrorism in non-military ways
  • D. How to promote counter-terrorism in the post 9-11 world