次の英文を読んで、以下の設問に答えなさい。

Late one night many years ago, I was in my office at Cornell University putting together the freshman physics final exam that would be given the following morning. Since this was the honors class, I wanted to enliven things a little by giving them one somewhat more challenging problem. But it was late and I was hungry, so rather than carefully working through $\fbox{36}$ possibilities, I quickly modified a standard problem that most of them had already encountered, wrote it into the exam, and headed home. (The details hardly matter, but the problem had to do with predicting the motion of a ladder, leaning against a wall, as it loses its footing and falls. I modified the standard problem by having the density of the ladder vary along its length.) During the exam the next morning, I sat down to write the solutions, $\fbox{37}$ $\fbox{38}$ $\fbox{39}$ $\fbox{40}$ $\fbox{41}$ Seemingly $\fbox{42}$ $\fbox{*}$ to the problem had made it exceedingly difficult. The original problem took perhaps half a page to complete. This one took me six pages. I write big. But you get the point.

This little episode represents the rule rather than the exception. Textbook problems are very special, being carefully designed so that they're completely solvable with $\fbox{43}$ effort. But modify textbook problems just a bit, changing this assumption or dropping that simplification, and they can quickly become intricate or intractable. That is, they can quickly become as difficult as analyzing typical real-world situations.

The fact is, the vast majority of phenomena, from the motion of planets to the interactions of particles, are just too complex to be described mathematically with complete precision. Instead, the task of the theoretical physicist is to figure out which complications in a given context can be discarded, yielding a manageable mathematical formulation that still captures $\fbox{44}$ details. In predicting the course of the earth you'd better include the effects of the sun's gravity; if you include the moon's too, $\fbox{記述B}$ the better, but the mathematical complexity rises significantly. (In the nineteenth century, the French mathematician Charles-Eugène Delaunay published two 900-page volumes related to intricacies of the sun-earth-moon gravitational dance.) If you try to go further and account fully for the influence of all the other planets, the analysis becomes $\fbox{45}$. Luckily, for many applications, you can safely disregard $\fbox{記述B}$ but the sun's influence, since the effect of other bodies in the solar system on earth's motion is nominal. Such approximations illustrate my earlier assertion that the art of physics lies in deciding what to $\fbox{記述C}$.

（出典 Brian Greene. The Hidden Reality: Parallel Universes and the Deep Laws of the Cosmos. New York: Vintage Books; 2011）

• $\fbox{36}$、$\fbox{43}$、$\fbox{44}$、$\fbox{45}$にはそれぞれ互いに異なる1語が入る。最も適当な1語を(1)～(5)より選び、その番号をマークしなさい。
  • (1) essential
  • (2) overwhelming
  • (3) parallel
  • (4) reasonable
  • (5) various
• $\fbox{37}$ $\fbox{38}$ $\fbox{39}$ $\fbox{40}$ $\fbox{41}$ seemingly $\fbox{42}$ $\fbox{*}$の意味が通るように下記の語を並べ換える時、$\fbox{37}$、$\fbox{38}$、$\fbox{39}$、$\fbox{40}$、$\fbox{41}$、$\fbox{42}$に入るものの番号を、マークしなさい。
  • (1) that
  • (2) find
  • (3) to
  • (4) modification
  • (5) my
  • (6) only
  • (7) modest
• 2箇所の$\fbox{記述B}$に共通する通当な1語を、記述式解答用紙に書きなさい。
• $\fbox{記述C}$に入る最も適当な1語となるように破線部を補充する時に入る文字を、記述式解答用紙に書きなさい。（破線の数は文字数を表わす）
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