日本大学英語2012年第6問
malpractice suits: legal complaints about medical mistakes justifiable:reasonable humane: human primacy: importance evoke: cause or trigger deliberate: careful
Many trends in the delivery of health care tend to make medical care impersonal. These trends, […], include (1) vigorous efforts to reduce the escalating costs of health care; (2) the growing number of managed-care programs, which are intended to reduce costs but in which the patient may have little choice in selecting a physician or in seeing that physician consistently; (3) increasing reliance on technological advances and computerization for many aspects of diagnosis and treatment; (4) the need for numerous physicians to be involved in the care of most patients who are seriously ill; and (5) an increased number of malpractice suits, some of which are justifiable because of medical errors but others of which reflect an unrealistic expectation on the part of many patients that their disease will be cured or that complications will not occur during the course of complex illnesses or procedures.
Given these changes in the medical care system, it is a major challenge for physicians to maintain the humane aspects of medical care. The American Board of Internal Medicine, working together with the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine and the European Federation of Internal Medicine, has published a Charter on Medical Professionalism that underscores three main principles in physicians' contract with society:(l)the primacy of patient welfare, (2) patient autonomy, and (3) social justice. Medical schools have also increased their emphasis on physician professionalism in recent years. The humanistic qualities of a physician must encompass integrity, respect, and compassion. Availability, the expression of sincere concern, the willingness to take the time to explain all aspects of the illness, and a nonjudgmental attitude when dealing with patients whose cultures, lifestyles, attitudes, and values differ from those of the physician are just a few of the characteristics of the humane physician. Every physician will, at times, be challenged by patients who evoke strongly negative or positive emotional responses. Physicians should be alert to their own reactions to such patients and situations and should consciously monitor and control their behavior so that the patient's best interest remains the principal motivation for their actions at all times.
An important aspect of patient care involves an appreciation of the patient's “quality of life,” a subjective assessment of what each patient values most. Such an assessment requires detailed, sometimes intimate knowledge of the patient, which can usually be obtained only through deliberate, unhurried, and often ( X ) conversations. Time pressures will always threaten these interactions, but they should not diminish the importance of understanding and seeking to fulfil the priorities of the patient.
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 17th Edition Chapter 1. The Practice of Medicine Tends in the Delivery of Health Care: A Challenge to the Humane Physician- 1 Which of the following is true about the trends in the delivery of health care?
- (a) A shortage of physicians involved in treating minor illnesses such as the common cold or the flu, can lead to serious problems.
- (b) Health care has become increasingly reliant on a wide array of modern technology to solve clinical problems.
- (c) Managed-care programs, which enable patients to have more options in terms of choosing their physicians, are experiencing a rapid increase.
- (d) The majority of malpractice cases reflect an unrealistic expectation that complex illnesses can cause serious medical complications.
- (e) There are tremendous efforts to escalate health care costs so that patients can choose their physicians freely.
- 2 Which of the following is true about the“Charter on Medical Professionalism" in the text?
- (a) It emphasizes the importance of dedication to serving the interests of the patient, , justice in society, and patient autonomy.
- (b) It has been published to argue against the opinions of the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine.
- (c) It has been published to maintain the humane aspects of medical care, which has led to changes in policies of the American Board of internal Medicine.
- (d) It has made it difficult for medical schools to make a contract with society in order to place substantial emphasis on physician professionalism.
- (e) It scores less than three points total for its main principles in physicians' contract with society.
- 3 Which of the following is NOT included in “the characteristics of the humane physician” ?
- (a) availability
- (b) expression of strongly positive emotional responses
- (c) nonjudgmental attitude towards different cultures
- (d) showing sincere concern
- (e) willingness to take the time to explain all aspects of the illness
- 4 Which of the following best fits ( X ) in the text?
- (a) emotional
- (b) judgmental
- (c) major
- (d) repeated
- (e) short
- 5 Which of the following is true about the text?
- (a) A variety of objective tests are essential for accurately evaluating the patient's "quality of life".
- (b) Despite the impersonal medical trends, physicians should maintain the humane aspects of medical care.
- (c) Malpractice suits would increase if they reflected realistic expectations from patients.
- (d) Physicians should consciously monitor and control patient's behavior to evoke strongly negative response.
- (e) The main purpose of the Charter on Medical Professionalism is to reduce the escalating costs of health care.