Communication can range from a gesture, which has specific meaning only to two people in love, to war between many nations It involves the sending of messages between people of the same culture to messages sent around the world between various cultures through modem telecommunications media.

We communicate messages, but not meanings. People who have {(a) the same message (b) give (c) similar experiences (d) to (e) similar meanings (f) had}. For example, those who adapt to another culture go through a stressful period of adjustment called “culture shock” during which they may be disoriented, homesick, sad, or angry. They know what the term culture shock refers to because they have experienced lt. For those who have never adapted to another culture, this phrase may evoke something (1)entirely different or it may have no meaning whatsoever.

People who come from the same culture tend to pay attention to similar messages and share meanings attributed to those messages. Culture is (2)simply the way of life of a group of people $\fbox{1}$ down from one generation to the next through learning. It is not $\fbox{2}$ but instead gradually acquired during childhood by participating in human interactions with others. This process of learning our native culture is termed enculturation.

People from the same society have (3)roughly the same values, beliefs, behaviors, and ways of thinking about and perceiving reality. However, there are also individual differences. Any description of culture is a generalization - it never $\fbox{3}$ to everyone in every situation.

Art, music, literature or history are the artifacts, relics or results of culture. We might examine these external aspects of a culture to $\fbox{4}$ that people have a particular pattern or system of values, beliefs, thoughts and perceptions. However, culture is not what people produce. It is mostly internal or inside our heads.

We learn our native culture well before adolescence simply $\fbox{5}$ up in a particular society. Because this process is largely unrecognized, we usually take our own culture for granted until we are surrounded by people who are different. At that time, we contrast and compare our own culture with theirs and become more consciously aware of our own.

Americans who go overseas to work or live do not lose their culture by adapting to another culture. Instead, most return home more consciously aware of what it $\fbox{6}$ to be an American. The irony is that [    A    ].

In a new culture, we become more aware of what makes us different, and in the transitional period of culture shock we consciously examine our culturally embedded values, beliefs, and thought patterns. Not only $\fbox{7}$ greater awareness of our home culture by going overseas, we gain greater awareness of our “self” and what is really important to us.

The bad news is that [    B    ], often termed “reverse culture shock” or “reentry transition stress.” The limited evidence suggests that this stressful period is even more severe and prolonged than culture shock, and it sets in much more quickly.

These transitional periods of stress are (4)somewhat analogous to the common cold. Culture shock and reverse culture shock are not terminal, yet there's no “cure.” The “symptoms” are similar for each person, but they also vary by individual as do the severity and duration; and throughout life we have many colds.

We each develop our own techniques for dealing with the symptoms of a cold - get plenty of rest, drink liquids, eat chicken soup, and so forth. As people experience culture shock they develop coping strategies to help them minimize its severity and duration. Many of these techniques are $\fbox{8}$ for dealing with reverse culture shock.

• 問1 第2パラグラフにある{           }内の語句を最も適切な順序に並べかえて、2番目と6番目にくるものの記号を順に書きなさい。
• 問2 下線部(1)～(4)を言い換える場合に最も適当な表現を、それぞれa～dから1つ選び、記号で答えなさい。
  • (1)
    • a. eternally
    • b. partially
    • c. slightly
    • d. totally
  • (2)
    • a. by no means
    • b. easily
    • c. hardly
    • d. merely
  • (3)
    • a. distinctly
    • b. exactly
    • c. more or less
    • d. ultimately
  • (4)
    • a. barely
    • b. subsequently
    • c. thoroughly
    • d. to some degree
• 問3 $\fbox{1}$～$\fbox{6}$に入れるのに最も適当な動詞を次の語群から選び、必要ならば適切な形に直して1語で書きなさい。なお、同じ語を繰り返し選ばないこととする。
  • affect
  • apply
  • bring
  • commit
  • emerge
  • grow
  • infer
  • inherit
  • investigate
  • mean
  • pass
  • transport
• 問4$\fbox{7}$と$\fbox{8}$に入る最も適切な表現を、それぞれa～dから1つ選び記号で答えなさい。
  • $\fbox{7}$
    • a. gain
    • b. gaining
    • c. we gain
    • d. do we gain
  • $\fbox{8}$
    • a. as useful as
    • b. just as useful
    • c. no more useful
    • d. far more useful
• 問5 [ A ]に入れるのに適当な英語表現を書きなさい。なお、leaveとenterの2語を必要ならば適切な形に直し、それぞれ1回用いること。
• 問6 [ B ]に入れるのに適当な英語表現を書きなさい。なお、returnを必要ならば適切な形に直し、1回用いること。